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Introducción: El SARS-CoV-2 ha tenido un impacto negativo y significativo en los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial, lo cual además amenazó el suministro de sangre necesario para las transfusiones clínicas. Objetivo: Describir las causas del rechazo de donantes de sangre durante la pandemia de covid-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo en una población de donantes que acudió al Banco de Sangre del Hospital Nacional Ramiro Prialé Prialé, de Huancayo, en Perú, de julio del 2020 a igual mes del 2022. Las variables analizadas fueron sexo, grupo sanguíneo ABO, factor Rh y tipos y causas de rechazo. Resultados: Del total de 10 177 donantes de sangre, fueron diferidos y excluidos 3390 (33,3 %); la causa más frecuente de diferimiento fue el hematocrito bajo (18,0 %) y la de exclusión, la positividad por el anticuerpo del núcleo de la hepatitis B (36,8 %). Asimismo, predominó el sexo masculino entre los que fueron rechazados (55,2 %) y se evidenció un incremento de la tendencia politómica en los donantes diferidos (R²=0,2214) y excluidos (R²=0,1178). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de diferimiento y exclusión de donantes de sangre hallada en esta serie fue relativamente alta en comparación con la registrada en otros estudios, lo cual se debió principalmente, en cada caso respectivo, al hematocrito bajo y a la presencia del anticuerpo del núcleo de la hepatitis B.
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has had a negative and significant impact on global health systems, threatening the necessary blood supply for clinical transfusions. Objective: To describe the causes of rejection of blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out in a population of donors who attended the Blood Bank of Ramiro Prialé Prialé National Hospital, in Huancayo, Peru, from July, 2020 to the same month, 2022. The analyzed variables were sex, the ABO blood group, Rh factor and types and causes of rejection. Results: Of total of 10 177 blood donors, 3390 (33.3%) were differed and excluded; the most frequent cause of differing was the low hematocrit (18.0%) and the most frequent cause of exclusion was antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positivity (36.8%). Likewise, male sex predominated among those who were rejected (55.2%) and an increment of the polytomous tendency was evidenced in differed (R²=0.2214) and excluded donors (R²=0.1178). Conclusions: The prevalence of differing and exclusion in blood donors was relatively high compared to that reported in other studies, which was mainly due, in each respective case, to the low hematocrit and the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.
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Resumo Estudo que teve por objetivo analisar a gestão dos serviços hemoterápicos (SH) no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, na perspectiva de gestores de municípios de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas a gestores dos SH das três capitais brasileiras de diferentes regiões do Brasil, no período de setembro de 2021 a abril de 2022. O conteúdo textual das entrevistas foi submetido à análise textual lexicográfica a partir do uso do software Iramuteq, de acesso gratuito. As percepções dos gestores resultaram da análise da classificação hierárquica descendente (CHD), que gerou seis classes: disponibilidade de recursos para o desenvolvimento do trabalho; capacidade instalada dos serviços; estratégias e desafios para captação de doadores de sangue; riscos e proteção dos trabalhadores; medidas para gestão da crise; estratégias de comunicação para a adesão de candidatos para doação. A análise evidenciou diversas estratégias utilizadas pela gestão, bem como apontou limites e desafios para a organização e a gestão de serviços hemoterápicos, agudizados no contexto da pandemia.
Abstract This study aimed to analyze the management of hemotherapy services (HS) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of municipal managers in different regions of Brazil. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was applied to HS managers in the three Brazilian capitals, from different regions of Brazil, during the period between September 2021 and April 2022. The textual content of the interviews was submitted to lexicographic textual analysis using the free access software, Iramuteq. The managers' perceptions resulted from the descending hierarchical classification (DHC) analysis, which generated six classes: availability of resources for the development of work; installed capacity of services; strategies and challenges for attracting blood donors; risks and worker protection; measures for crisis management; and communication strategies for the adhesion of candidates for donation. The analysis highlighted several strategies used by the management, as well as pointed out limits and challenges for HS organization and management, exacerbated in the context of the pandemic.
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RESUMO Em diferentes contextos, bem como no processo de doação de sangue, as verdades vão se recriando, e o sujeito vai se constituindo, criando a si mesmo como um sujeito em transformação. A produção de verdades se reflete nas práticas de doação de sangue, por meio da profunda normalização e estigmatização dos processos que as envolvem e que repercutem na disponibilização e qualidade desse produto essencial. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a configuração dos regimes de verdade na conformação das práticas de doação de sangue, na perspectiva de candidatos à doação. A metodologia adotada foi de abordagem qualitativa, com coleta de dados realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com 31 candidatos à doação de repetição, submetidos a análise de discurso. Optou-se, como referência ao termo 'verdade', pela análise de Michel Foucault, enquanto um elemento de constituição do sujeito, produto de múltiplas práticas sociais. Concluiu-se que o processo de doação de sangue é imbuído de um forte caráter normalizador, constituindo-se em relevante elemento de condução dos comportamentos e produção de verdades, impactando as dimensões alcançadas por essas relações de poder nas práticas de doação de sangue, sob o olhar daqueles que se candidatam a fazê-la.
ABSTRACT In different contexts, as well as in the blood donation process, truths are recreated, and the subject is constituted, creating himself as a subject in transformation. The production of truths is reflected in blood donation practices, through the profound normalization and stigmatization of the processes that involve them and that have repercussions on the availability and quality of this essential product. The objective of this study was to understand the configuration of regimes of truth in the conformation of blood donation practices, from the perspective of candidates for donation. The methodology adopted was a qualitative approach, with data collection carried out through semi-structured interviews, with 31 candidates for repeat donation, submitted to speech analysis. It was chosen, as a reference to the term 'truth', the analysis of Michel Foucault, as an element of constitution of the subject, product of multiple social practices. It was concluded that the blood donation process is imbued with a strong normalizing character, constituting a relevant element for conducting behaviors and producing truths, impacting on the dimensions achieved by these power relations in blood donation practices, under the gaze of those applying to do so.
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En Cuba existe amplia experiencia en el trabajo intersectorial para la solución de problemas de salud en la comunidad y la gestión de las donaciones de sangre no constituye una excepción. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo documentar sobre el trabajo intersectorial en la gestión de las donaciones de sangre en Cuba y aportar elementos teóricos que contribuyan a su perfeccionamiento. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura sobre la intersectorialidad y los procesos para la gestión de donaciones de sangre en el país; para ello se consultaron trabajos publicados en sitios de Internet, así como textos y otros documentos disponibles en repositorios del portal web de la red Infomed. Se teoriza e ilustra acerca de la intersectorialidad como tecnología gerencial y sobre su uso e importancia aplicados en la promoción, captación y reclutamiento de donantes potenciales así como en la organización de las colectas de sangre. Se concluye que el empleo de la intersectorialidad en la gestión sanitaria de las donaciones voluntarias de sangre fortalece y singulariza el Programa de Donaciones de Sangre cubano con relación al resto del mundo; no obstante, es necesario perfeccionar las alianzas estratégicas entre el sector de la salud y los demás sectores de la sociedad civil organizada que intervienen en las actividades que comprenden este proceso.
In Cuba there is wide experience in intersectoral work to solve health problems in the community and the management of blood donations is no exception. The objective of this work was to document the intersectoral work in the management of blood donations in Cuba and to provide theoretical elements that contribute to its improvement. A bibliographic review of the literature on intersectoriality and the processes for the management of blood donations in the country was carried out; For this, works published on Internet sites were consulted, as well as texts and other documents available in repositories of the Infomed web portal network. Intersectoriality is theorized and illustrated as a managerial technology and its use and importance applied in the promotion, capture and recruitment of potential donors and in the organization of blood collections. It is concluded that the use of intersectoriality in the health management of voluntary blood donations, strengthens and distinguishes the Cuban Blood Donation Program in relation to the rest of the world, however, it is necessary to improve the strategic alliances between the health sector and other sectors of organized civil society involved in the activities that comprise this process.
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Background: After collection of blood from a blood donor, it undergoes certain tests for its suitability for transfusion to a recipient. According to the Red Cross, women should have at least a hemoglobin level of 12.5 g/dL and men should have 13 g/dL. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to observe the hemoglobin level of donated blood according to the sex and according to the blood groups – A, AB, B, and O. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional data audit was conducted with the data of males and females from a blood bank of a tertiary care hospital in India. A total of 4 years of data from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed. The hemoglobin levels were tested by the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. The distribution was not normal. Hence, data were presented as median (first quartile–third quartile) and tested by nonparametric tests – Mann–Whitney test and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Total data of 7026 blood donors (6658 [94.76%] males and 368 [5.24%] females) were analyzed in this study. The level is above the cutoff suggested by Red Cross. The overall hemoglobin level was 13.8 (13.2?14.1) g/dL. Male had higher hemoglobin 13.8 (13.2?14.2) g/dL than females 13 (13?13.5) g/dL, P < 0.0001. There was no difference in hemoglobin in A, AB, B, and O blood group in overall, males, and females. Conclusion: There were more male blood donors than female donors. Males have higher hemoglobin levels than females in all types of blood groups in the ABO system. There was no difference in hemoglobin concentration in different blood groups.
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Abstract Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has challenged blood banks. In Mexico, donors decreased 22% between April and May 2020 compared to the same months in 2019. This study analyzed the effect of the strategies to recover donors (altruistic and family) in a tertiary pediatric care center during the pandemic. Methods: The Blood Bank of the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez implemented strategies to obtain blood components to ensure self-sufficiency. The effect of these strategies on donor recovery was analyzed. Results: There were 7,315 eligible donors in 2019 and 5,070 in 2020. Blood component requirements decreased from 10,037 units in 2019 to 8,619 in 2020. The strategies aimed at attracting altruistic donors managed to increase the percentage of this type of donor when comparing the months in which these strategies were applied with the same months in 2019. In addition, it was observed that the greater the number of methods used simultaneously, the higher the percentage of altruistic donors (rho = 0.846, p = 0.002). In contrast, strategies aimed at attracting family donors did not increase the number of this type of donor. Conclusions: Actions to recruit altruistic donors increased the number of this type of donor to meet the hospital's needs.
Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha representado un reto en los bancos de sangre. En México, los donadores disminuyeron el 22% entre abril y mayo del 2020 en comparación con los mismos meses del 2019. Este estudio analizó el efecto de las estrategias realizadas para recuperar donantes, altruistas y familiares, en un centro de atención pediátrica de tercer nivel durante la pandemia. Métodos: El Banco de Sangre del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez implementó estrategias encaminadas a la obtención de componentes sanguíneos para asegurar la autosuficiencia. Se analizó el efecto de dichas estrategias en la recuperación de donantes. Resultados: Se registraron 7,315 donadores aptos en el año 2019 y 5,070 en el 2020. Los requerimientos de componentes sanguíneos disminuyeron de 10,037 unidades en 2019 a 8,619 en 2020. Las estrategias que estaban destinadas a captar donadores altruistas lograron aumentar el porcentaje de este tipo de donadores al comparar los meses en que se aplicaron dichas estrategias con los mismos meses en el 2019. Además, se observó que, a mayor número de estrategias aplicadas de manera simultánea, mayor porcentaje de donadores altruistas (rho = 0.846, p = 0.002). Por el contrario, las estrategias con la finalidad de atraer donadores familiares no lograron aumentar la cantidad de este tipo de donadores. Conclusiones: Las acciones para recabar donadores altruistas aumentaron la cantidad de este tipo de donadores para satisfacer las necesidades del hospital.
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The growing need for more stringent methods of safe blood transfusion has engendered blood banks in Brazil. The transfusion appears, then, as an alternative path for blood-related pathologies and their components. Followed by the enforcement of altruistic principles, blood donation has become resistant within society due to its myths and prejudices. Thus, the implementation of public policies became more evident in tracing the social profile of blood donors, and the public power started regulating, supervising and controlling the rational use of blood and blood products. This way, the indices of blood donation in the Unified Health System (SUS) result from various means of interaction with both the potential donor and with the loyal donor, through digital media, school lectures, symposia, congresses and visual media. This process hitched the recruitment to the peculiarities of potential donors, mostly promoted by Health professionals. There is a need to gradually increase such measures to facilitate the donation process, adapting it to the reality of these people, to amplify the number of loyal donors (AU)
A crescente necessidade de métodos mais rígidos de segurança na transfusão sanguínea engendrou os bancos de sangue no Brasil. A transfusão aparece, então, como via alternativa para tratamento de patologias relacionadas ao sangue e aos seus componentes. A partir da aplicação de princípios altruístas, a doação de sangue tornou-se mais resistente pela sociedade, devido aos mitos e preconceitos. A aplicação de políticas públicas, dessa forma, tornaram-se mais evidentes para traçar o perfil social do doador de sangue, e o poder público passou a regulamentar, fiscalizar e controlar o uso racional de hemoderivados e hemocomponentes. Nesse sentido, os índices de doação de sangue no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) são resultados de diversos meios de interação tanto com o potencial doador quanto com o fidelizado, por intermédio de mídias digitais, palestras em centros escolares, simpósios, congressos e meios audiovisuais. Esse processo atrelou o recrutamento às peculiaridades dos potenciais doadores, promovido principalmente pelos profissionais da saúde. Surge a necessidade de aumentar, cada vez mais, tais medidas de modo a facilitar e flexibilizar o processo de doação, adaptando-o, assim, à realidade dessas pessoas, para amplificar o número de doadores fidelizados (AU)
Subject(s)
Unified Health System , Blood Banks , Blood Donors , Hemotherapy ServiceABSTRACT
La disponibilidad de sangre constituye un elemento esencial para el acceso universal a las transfusiones y una prioridad de los sistemas locales de salud. Es un término muy utilizado en la literatura científico-técnica; sin embargo, no muy bien caracterizado. En el presente artículo se ofrece una aproximación teórica a la disponibilidad de sangre, sus componentes y factores determinantes; así como, se ofrecen algunos aspectos prácticos de su gestión dentro de los servicios de salud. La disponibilidad de sangre es una cualidad referida a la cantidad de unidades de sangre que se encuentran listos para ser utilizados en los pacientes que lo requieran en un momento determinado y para un área geográfica definida. Sus componentes principales son la oferta y la demanda de sangre. En la cadena transfusional se planifican, ejecutan y controlan varias actividades estrechamente vinculadas entre ellas y con el medio externo; lo cual le imprime un carácter multidimensional a la disponibilidad de sangre y un dinamismo peculiar a las actividades de donaciones, procesamiento y trasfusiones de sangre. Conocer las relaciones de dependencia que se establecen entre las partes de esta cadena logística, constituye elemento imprescindible para la gestión eficiente de los programas de sangre(AU)
The blood availability (BA) constitutes an essential element for universal access to transfusions and a priority for local health systems. It is a term widely used in the scientific-technical literature, however, not very well characterized. This article offers a theoretical approach to BA, its components and determining factors; as well as, some practical aspects of its management within the health services are offered. BA is a quality referred to the amount of blood units that are ready to be used in patients who require it at a given time and for a defined geographic area, its main components are the supply and demand for blood. In the transfusion chain, various activities closely linked to each other and to the external environment are planned, executed and controlled; which gives a multidimensional character to the BA and a peculiar dynamism to the activities of donations, processing and blood transfusions. Knowing the dependency relationships that are established between the parts of this logistics chain is an essential element for the efficient management of blood programs(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Organization and Administration , World Health Organization , Blood Transfusion , Local Health Systems , Total Quality Management , SupplyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction Blood donor screening is an important stage of quality control in blood banks. Turbidity caused by increased levels of triglycerides is detected by visual inspection, but there is no consensus on its threshold at which plasma should be considered inappropriate for donation. Objective Compare triglycerides dosage and visual turbidity in decision making for the disposal of plasma. Material and methods Plasma bags (n=205) were classified by visual inspection as clear, moderately turbid or turbid and triglyceride concentration were determined in serum and plasma with enzimatic-colorimetric methodology by automation. Results Our results show a positive correlation between serum and plasma triglycerides levels (r=0,94) but we observed a higher concentration in serum when compared to plasma samples (p<0,03). Most of the plasma were classified as moderately turbid or turbid (75%). Visual inspection and triglycerides levels were moderately correlated in serum (rb=0,57) and plasma (rb=0,52). However, moderately turbid samples showed discordance between serum or plasma triglyceride levels and the visual inspection. Discussion Our findings corroborate with the literature data, supporting the subjectivity of the visual inspection. We recommend further studies to determine which triglyceride threshold should be used for the disposal of plasma bags combined with automated methods to enhance visual classification accuracy. Conclusion Quality improvement actions are critical for standardization of the screening in order to avoid unnecessary disposal of the plasma bags.
RESUMO Introdução A triagem das bolsas de plasma é uma etapa importante do controle de qualidade nos hemocentros. A turbidez causada pelo aumento de triglicerídeos é detectada por inspeção visual, mas não há consenso acerca do limite no qual o plasma deve ser considerado inadequado para doação. Objetivo Comparar a dosagem de triglicerídeos e a turbidez visual na tomada de decisão para o descarte do plasma. Material e métodos As bolsas de plasma (n=205) foram classificadas pela inspeção visual como límpidas, moderadamente turvas ou turvas e as concentrações de triglicerídeos foram determinadas no soro e plasma com metodologia enzimática-colorimétrica por automação. Resultados Nossos resultados mostraram uma correlação positiva entre soro e plasma (r=0,94) mas observamos que a concentração de triglicerídeos foi mais alta no soro do que no plasma (p<0,03). A maioria das bolsas foi classificada como moderadamente turva ou turva (75%). A inspeção visual e a concentração de triglicerídeos apresentaram uma correlação moderada para o soro (rb=0,57) e plasma (rb=0,52). Entretanto, no grupo moderadamente turvo, houve uma divergência significativa entre as concentrações de triglicerídeos no soro/plasma e a inspeção visual. Discussão Nossos achados corroboram com a literatura, reforçando a subjetividade da inspeção visual. Nós recomendamos a realização de estudos futuros para determinar o limite dos níveis de triglicerídeos para o descarte de plasma em conjunto com a combinação de métodos automatizados para aumentar a acurácia da classificação visual. Conclusão As ações voltadas para a melhoria da qualidade são críticas para a padronização da triagem e evitar o descarte desnecessário de plasma.
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【Objective】 To evaluate the laboratory's NAT ability by analyzing the feedback reports of nucleic acid test (NAT) results of external quality assessment (EQA) of National Center for Clinic Laboratories (NCCL), so as to improve the laboratory management details and ensure blood safety. 【Methods】 The data of NCCL NAT EQA of blood screening laboratory of Tianjin Blood Center (a total of five occasions from Jan 2019 to Jun 2021) were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 From Jan 2019 to Jun 2021, the laboratory participated in EQA for five times and all the results were qualified. The test results of NAT EQA HIV RNA/HCV RNA/HBV DNA detected by R1, R2 and R4 were consistent with the reference results. R3 showed false positive results (CT value 40.46) in the single donation detection of sample No.1925 in HCV RNA. Unreported data of the laboratory was that in the first EQA in 2021, the R4 showed false positive results (CT value 35.8) in in the single donation detection of sample No.2113 in HIV RNA. 【Conclusion】 The performance of each NAT screening system in our laboratory is relatively stable except occasional false positive results influenced by every factor. Potential problems can be found and continuously improved by assaying EQA reports and the extended experimental results of EQA samples to further improve the detection ability.
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Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la adaptabilidad del modelo Service Quality (servqual), con el fin de valorar la calidad del servicio en la atención de los donantes de un banco de sangre en la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una evaluación psicométrica en 301 donantes de sangre, para determinar la calidad percibida. Se realizaron pruebas de consistencia interna con alpha de Cronbach e índice de discriminación, y se evaluó la validez de contenido de los dos cuestionarios y la estructura factorial, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: El alpha de Cronbach fue de 0,86; en las subescalas de expectativas, 0,87, y en percepciones, 0,77. Se observó una mayor consistencia interna en el cuestionario de expectativas que de percepciones. Aunque se obtuvo una baja consistencia interna en algunas dimensiones, no se afecta la escala de manera global. Conclusión: La escala servqual presenta un adecuado desempeño psicométrico y, por tanto, es útil para evaluar la calidad percibida en la atención en donantes de sangre, siempre y cuando sea abordada de forma unidimensional.
Abstract Objective: To assess the reproducibility and validity of the scale of perceived quality in donors from a blood bank in the city of Medellín. Methodology: Psychometric evaluation in 301 blood donors through internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha and discrimination index. Content validity of the polls and factorial structure were evaluated by means of exploratory factor analysis. Results: Cronbach's alpha was 0.86. For the expectations subscales, 0.87 and in perceptions 0.77. A greater internal consistency was observed in the poll of expectations rather than in that of perceptions. Although low internal consistency was obtained in some dimensions, this does not affect the scale globally. The use of the instrument should be approached in a unidimensional way. Conclusion: The servqual scale presents an adequate psychometric performance and, therefore, is useful to assess the perceived quality of care in blood donors in the Colombian context, as long as it is approached in a unidimensional way.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade e validade da escala de qualidade percebida em doadores de um banco de sangue da cidade de Medellín. Metodologia: Avaliação psicométrica em 301 doadores de sangue, por meio da consistência interna com Alfa de Cronbach e índice de discriminação. A validade do conteúdo dos questionários e a estrutura fatorial foram avaliadas por meio de análise fatorial exploratória. Resultados: O Alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,86, nas subescalas de expectativas 0,87 e nas percepções 0,77. Foi observada maior consistência interna no questionário de expectativas do que de percepções. Embora tenha sido obtida baixa consistência interna em algumas dimensões, isso não afeta a escala globalmente; a utilização do instrumento deve ser abordada de uma forma unidimensional. Conclusão: A escala servqual apresenta um desempenho psicométrico adequado e, portanto, é útil para avaliar a percepção da qualidade do cuidado em doadores de sangue no contexto colombiano, desde que seja abordada de uma forma unidimensional.
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Resumen Introducción: La Enfermedad de Chagas también conocida como Tripanosomiasis americana es un problema de salud pública. Se calcula que en el mundo hay entre 6 y 7 millones de personas infectadas por Trypanosoma cruzi, la mayoría de ellas en América Latina. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en donantes de un banco de sangre del departamento de Boyacá 2016-2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en 25.920 donantes de sangre del departamento de Boyacá. La fuente de información fue secundaria. Se determinó la prevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi y se compararon según sexo, grupo etario y tipo de donante a través de análisis de frecuencias. Resultados: Se evaluaron 9187 donantes durante el año 2016; 8517 en el 2017 y 8216 en el 2018, de los cuales 56,1% eran de sexo femenino y 43,9% masculino. La prevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi fue 0,17 % en la tamización y 0,08 % con las pruebas confirmatorias de las cuales el 70,0% eran mujeres, el 85,0% donantes voluntarios por primera vez, el rango de edad en el que se presentó mayor prevalencia de este marcador serológico fue de 41 a 50 y de 51 a 65 años con un 35,0% cada uno . La prevalencia de la infección de Chagas presentó asociación estadísticamente significativa con la edad (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Los bancos de sangre resultan ser una de las fuentes de información disponibles para monitorear el comportamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas y evaluar la toma de decisiones en salud pública, teniendo en cuenta que la enfermedad se caracteriza de manera asintomática y sin compromiso clínico en la mayoría de los casos.
Abstract Introduction: Chagas Disease, also known as American Trypanosomiasis, is a public health problem. It is estimated that in the world there are between 6 and 7 million people infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, most of them in Latin America. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in donors from a blood bank in the department of Boyacá 2016-2018. Materials and methods: Retrospective-descriptive study carried out in 25,920 blood donors from the department of Boyacá (Colombia). The source of information was secondary. The prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection was determined and compared according to sex, age group and type of donor through frequency analysis. Results: 9187 donors were evaluated during 2016; 8,517 in 2017 and 8,216 in 2018, of which 56.1% were female and 43.9% male. The prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection was 0.17% in screening and 0.08% with confirmatory tests of which 70.0% were women, 85.0% first-time volunteer donors, the range of The age at which the highest prevalence of this serological marker was found was 41 to 50 and 51 to 65 years with 35.0% each. The prevalence of Chagas infection showed a statistically significant association with age (p <0.05). Conclusions: Blood banks turn out to be one of the sources of information available to monitor the behavior of Chagas disease and evaluate decision-making in public health, taking into account the characteristics of the disease in which the majority of cases they are asymptomatic and without clinical compromise.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Trypanosoma cruzi , Blood Banks , Blood Donors , Chagas Disease , Tissue Donors , Volunteers , Blood , Mass Screening , Prevalence , InfectionsABSTRACT
【Objective】 To investigate and analyze the current situation of the human resources as well as blood collection and supply of blood banks of Zhejiang Province, so as to understand the problems existing in the development of human resources and put forward suggestions. 【Methods】 Questionnaires were issued to Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, municipal central blood stations, and county-level central blood banks to investigate the relevant data in 2015 and 2019. Meanwhile, some data were obtained through the Zhejiang Blood Management Information System (BIS3.0), symposiums, and querying medical service data. Statistical analysis was carried out. 【Results】 Among the 28 blood banks, filled the questionnaires, 927 personnel were in accordance with the authorized strength, accounting for 62.26% (927/1 489), and 1069 health technicians, accounting for 71.519% (1 060/1 489). From 2015 to 2019, the annual growth rate of human resources in blood banks was 2.02%, lower than the annual growth rate of whole blood collection volume 4.83% and the annual growth rate of clinical blood supply (red blood cell) 4.82%, lagging behind the annual growth rate of 6.55%, 8.71% and 12.36% in the number of diagnoses, inpatients and surgeries in the hospitals across the province. The average annual growth rate of doctors and nurses in blood banks was 0.17% and 1.67%, lower than that of licebsed doctors and registered nurses of the province, which was 6.78% and 8.27%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 With the development trend of blood collection and supply, the personnel allocation and the proportion of health technicians of blood banks across Zhejiang Province is insufficient. It is suggested to establish a manpower allocation standard suitable to the business volume, give priority to properly solvement of the current employment, strengthen training, and improve the efficiency of physical examination consultation, testing and phlebotomy positions.
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【Objective】 To investigate the professional value and its influencing factors of blood bank staff in Jiangsu Province, in order to promote the cultural construction and personnel management, therefore promote the sustainable development of blood industry. 【Methods】 From September to October, 2019, 950 employees of blood banks in Jiangsu Province were investigated in terms of age, education, length of employment, background and other demographic sociological conditions, as well as occupation intention, social evaluation and occupation evaluation through questionnaire, and the internal and external factors affecting the professional value were analyzed. 【Results】 Results showed that the employees of blood banks investigated had no strong occupation intention (3.85 points, ), but viewed their professional value as fair (4.54 points), and thought that the blood industry was underestimated by society (3.27 points). They valued material income and treatment (4.66, 4.75 points), but did not pay much attention to career development ( <4.5 points). 【Conclusion】 The main external factor influencing the professional value of blood bank employees is career development, and internal factors are education background and the income of employees′ parents. Blood banks should enhance social status, correctly guide the professional value of employees, and optimize the employee training.
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【Objective】 To explore the basic situation and advantages of blood banks in Russia through analyzing the differences and similarities of basic standards for blood banks(referred to as standards) between China and Russia. 【Methods】 The main differences and similarities were analyzed by comparing the classification of blood banks and the requirements for staff and equipments. 【Results】 The macro contents such as the main functions and responsibilities of blood banks, the basic requirements for staff and equipments were both described in the standards in China and Russia, but such details as classification criteria of blood banks, the allocation criteria of staff and equipments were not the same. 【Conclusion】 The macro contents of the standards in China and Russia were basically the same, but some of the details of Russia standards were more clear and scientific than those of Chinese standards, and some contents were worth learning.
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【Objective】 To study the status and conduct effect evaluation of blood donation recruitment of blood services in Chongqing, and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the regional homogenization of blood services in Chongqing. 【Methods】 19 blood services in Chongqing were investigated by questionnaire in terms of the input in human resources and funds, recruitment methods, document construction and effect evaluation. The statistical analysis was conducted. 【Results】 The average number of blood donors per 1 000 population in 19 blood services in Chongqing was 9.35±3.35. Among the 19 blood services, blood inventory warning occurred in 18, 6 of them reached Level 2 and 1 of them was Level 1. The number of blood donations per 1 000 population in blood banks with no more than 5 recruits or with less than 100 000 yuan/year recruitment fund was significantly lower than that in blood banks with more than 5 recruits or with more than 100 000 yuan/year recruitment fund(P<0.05). SMS and telephone recruitment were most commonly used in blood donation recruitment. Most blood banks have established corresponding system documents, but only one has established the method to evaluate the effect of blood donation recruitment. 【Conclusion】 The number of blood donations per 1 000 population in 19 blood services in Chongqing varies greatly, and the pressure of blood inventory warning is widespread. The input of human resources and financial fund have a certain impact on the number of blood donations per 1000 population, but not the alone factor. The recruitment method is a little bit more on the traditional side, and the blood donation recruitment and efficacy evaluation is in lack of documentary supporting. Regional homogenization should be achieved by integrating the resources of blood services, establishing the document framework of blood donation recruitment and effect evaluation, clarifying the evaluation content and unifying the evaluation standard.
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Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo das frequências dos principais antígenos e fenótipos dos sistemas de grupo sanguíneo: ABO, Rh, Kell. Métodos: A partir dos dados da fenotipagem estendida disponíveis no Sistema de Banco de Sangue (SBS web) de doadores de sangue da Fundação Hemopa, foram avaliadas as frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: Dentre os 1.474 doadores analisados houve predominância do tipo O (62,6%) e quanto ao Rh: D (85,5%). O antígeno mais frequente do sistema Rh foi: e (94,9%), e o fenótipo mais frequente: DCcee (27,5%). O antígeno mais frequente do sistema Kell foi: Kpb (100%), e o fenótipo: k+ K- (95,7%), Kp (a- b+) (99,4%). Conclusão: A identificação das frequências desses antígenos em diferentes populações pode auxiliar na rotina hemoterápica, facilitando a busca por hemocomponentes compatíveis, melhorando a segurança transfusional imunológica.
Objective: To study the frequencies of the major antigens of bloodgroup systems:ABO, Rh, Kell. Methods: From data of extendedphenotyping available in the Blood Bank System (SBS web) in blooddonors of the Hemopa Foundation, were evaluated absolute and relativefrequencies. Results: Among the 1.474 donors analyzed there was apredominance of type O (62.6%) and RhD (85.5%). The most frequentantigen from system Rh was: e (94,9%), and the most commonphenotype: DCcee (27,5%). The most frequent antigen from systemKell was: Kpb (100%), and the most common phenotypes: k + K-(95.7%), Kp (a- b +) (99.4%). Conclusion: Identifying the frequenciesof these antigens in different populations may help in the routine bloodtherapy, facilitating the search for compatible blood components,improving the immunological transfusion safety.
Subject(s)
Blood Banks , Blood Group Antigens , Blood Transfusion , ABO Blood-Group System , Biological Variation, Population , Kell Blood-Group SystemABSTRACT
Resumo Fundamento A doença de Chagas (DC) é considerada um problema de saúde pública na América Latina. A região nordeste, principalmente o estado do Ceará, ainda representa grande preocupação em termos de risco de transmissão da doença. Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de T. cruzi em doadores de sangue do estado do Ceará. Métodos Trata-se um de estudo retrospectivo descritivo realizado no período de 2010 a 2015, a partir de dados registrados no sistema informatizado do Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Ceará (HEMOCE). Resultados Dos 763.731 potenciais doadores de sangue, 14.159 foram considerados impedidos de fazer a doação devido à sorologia, sendo que 1.982 (0,33%) o foram devido à positividade/inconclusão para doença de Chagas. Compareceram à Hemorrede para a repetição 425 indivíduos, sendo confirmados 28,2% (120/425) como impedidos de doar devido a DC. Conclusão Não houve redução significativa das sorologias positivas/inconclusivas no período entre 2010-2015, porém foi observada redução em relação a 1996/1997 no estado. A determinação da prevalência da doença de Chagas em bancos de sangue pode ser relevante como indicador do risco de transmissão transfusional em determinada região. Novos testes sorológicos para triagem com melhor acurácia são necessários, reduzindo o descarte desnecessário de bolsas de sangue, os custos para o Sistema Único de Saúde e a insegurança para os pacientes e familiares. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1082-1091)
Abstract Background Chagas disease (CD) is considered a public health problem in Latin America. The northeastern region, especially the state of Ceará, still represents a major concern in terms of the risk of transmission of CD. Objective To estimate the prevalence of T. cruzi in blood donors from the state of Ceará. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study that was performed in the period from 2010 to 2015 from data recorded in the computerized system of the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Ceará (HEMOCE in Portuguese). Results Of the 763,731 potential blood donors, 14,159 were serologically ineligible; 1,982 (0.33%) were serologically ineligible due to positive / inconclusive diagnosis for CD. A total of 425 individuals came to the HEMOCE to repeat the test, with 28.2% (120/425) declared ineligible for donations due to CD. Conclusion No significant reduction of positive / inconclusive serology was observed in the period between 2010 and 2015, but a reduction was observed when compared to 1996/1997 in the state. The determination of the prevalence of CD in blood banks may be relevant as an indicator of the risk of CD transmission through blood transfusions in a given region. New serological tests for triage with better accuracy in screening are needed, in an attempt to reduce the unnecessary disposal of blood bags, reduce costs for the Brazilian Unified Health System, and diminish insecurity for the patient and family members. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1082-1091)
Subject(s)
Humans , Trypanosoma cruzi , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Blood Donors , Brazil/epidemiology , Antibodies, Protozoan , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar o perfil epidemiológico de candidatos à doação de sangue do Hemocentro de Sergipe entre 2012 e 2017. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas e de sorologia reagente das infecções transmitidas pela transfusão sanguínea de todos os candidatos a doação. Foram registrados 157.549 candidatos à doação, predominantemente do sexo masculino (71,7%), com faixa etária de 26-36 anos (36,1%) e considerados candidatos de repetição (72,6%). A prevalência de sorologia reagente foi de 5,4%, destacando-se Hepatite B (43,8%), Sífilis (28,7%) e HIV (16,7%). Os indivíduos com sorologia positiva, majoritariamente de primeira doação (p < 0,05), apresentaram quase 5 vezes mais chances de serem reagentes, comparados com doadores de repetição. A avaliação local dos hemocentros é reflexo da condição da população em relação às doenças infecto parasitárias e pode ser de extrema relevância para definir campanhas de saúde que incluam a importância da doação de sangue e a prevenção destas doenças.
This research aimed to identify the epidemiological profile of blood donors from the Sergipe Blood Center between 2012 and 2017. Sociodemographic and reactive serology variables of blood transfusion-transmitted infections of all candidates were evaluated. There were 157,549 blood donors; they were predominantly male (71.7%), aged between 26 and 36 years (36.1%) and considered repeat donors (72.6%). The prevalence of reactive serology was 5.4%, including hepatitis B (43.8%), syphilis (28.7%) and HIV (16.7%). Individuals with positive serology were mostly donating for the first time (p <0.05) and were almost 5 times more likely to be reactive than repeat donors. Finally, a local assessment of blood centres reflects the population's condition regarding infectious diseases and can be extremely significant in defining health campaigns that include the relevance of blood donation as well as care in relation to the prevention of these diseases.
ABSTRACT
General measures for infection prevention and control should be followed by the health care workers as the world struggles to control Covid-19 spread. Medical professionals and researchers continue to fight with the recent global outbreak of Covid-19 and its potential impact on blood transfusion services is real and a cause of concern for transfusion medicine experts. The 2002 - 03 SARS outbreak saw 8098 reported cases resulting in 774 deaths, and a 9% mortality rate.(1) The mortality rates for the same spiked to 50% for individuals over the age of 60. It is accepted that the present Covid-19 outbreak originated in bats. As per the American Association of Blood banks (AABB).(2) There is no reported or suspected case of transfusion transmitted Covid-19.(3,4,5) Similarly, in India there is no reported case of transfusion transmission. Social distancing of blood donors is of paramount importance for blood donors while blood collection. Similarly, organizing of blood donation camps by organisers and blood bank staff should ensure the same. Facilities for hand washing for blood donors and use of mask should be ensured. Blood donation by blood donors with travel history should be deferred for 28 days.